How is the line current calculated in a Delta connected load?

In a Delta connected load, the relationship between the line current (IL) and the phase current (Ip) is notable. In a Delta configuration, the line current is equal to the square root of 3 times the phase current. This relationship arises from the way the currents are distributed in the circuit.

When you have a Delta connection, each phase of the load is connected across the phases of the supply. As a result, the line current is drawn from the supply and is composed of the phase currents flowing through two components of the load at any given time, which corresponds to the √3 factor. Thus, the formula for calculating the line current becomes:

[ IL = \sqrt{3} \times Ip ]

This reflects the fact that while one phase is drawing current, the other two phases are simultaneously contributing to the overall line current. Understanding this relationship is essential for correctly sizing conductors and protective devices in Delta connected systems, ensuring that you can effectively manage the loads and system operation.