Transformer losses are classified as copper losses and what other type of losses?

Transformer losses can be classified primarily into two categories: copper losses and core losses. Copper losses occur due to the resistance in the windings of the transformer and are proportional to the current flowing through them. These losses increase with load demand, impacting the efficiency of the transformer during operation.

Core losses, also referred to as iron losses, are associated with the magnetic core of the transformer. Core losses arise from two main phenomena: hysteresis and eddy currents. Hysteresis loss occurs due to the reversal of magnetic polarity in the core material as the transformer operates, which consumes energy. Eddy current loss is due to the induced currents in the core that generate heat and reduce efficiency.

This classification is crucial for understanding how transformers operate and how they can be optimized for greater efficiency. Proper management of both types of losses is essential for the longevity and performance of electrical transformers in various applications.