What device interrupts current flow when a short circuit condition occurs?

A fuse is designed to interrupt the current flow in an electrical circuit when a short circuit condition occurs. Its primary function is to protect the circuit from excessive current that can lead to overheating or fire hazards. When a short circuit happens, the current increases dramatically beyond the fuse's rated capacity. The fuse contains a metal strip that melts at a predetermined temperature caused by the overcurrent, thereby breaking the circuit and stopping the flow of electricity. This quick action minimizes damage to the wiring and connected devices.

In contrast, a resistor is used to limit current flow and manage voltage levels, while capacitors store electrical energy temporarily and do not serve as protection devices in this context. A transformer is used to change voltage levels between circuits and does not interrupt current flow. Each of these components serves different purposes within an electrical system, highlighting the specific protective role of a fuse during fault conditions like a short circuit.