What term describes the ability of an electrical component to store an electric charge?

The term that describes the ability of an electrical component to store an electric charge is capacitance. This property is specifically associated with capacitors, which are designed to hold and release electrical energy. When a capacitor is charged, it accumulates an electric charge on its plates, creating an electric field between them. The amount of charge that a capacitor can store is directly proportional to the voltage across it and is measured in farads.

Resistance refers to the opposition to the flow of electric current, which does not involve the storage of charge. Inductance is a property related to coils or inductors and is associated with the storage of energy in a magnetic field rather than an electric field. Voltage, on the other hand, is a measure of electric potential difference between two points in a circuit, rather than a measure of charge storage capacity. Therefore, capacitance is the correct term for the ability of an electrical component to store an electric charge.