Which of the following materials are most commonly used for electrical conductors?

The selection of aluminum and copper as the most commonly used materials for electrical conductors is grounded in their excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and cost-effectiveness.

Copper is widely regarded for its high conductivity, which allows it to carry electric current efficiently with minimal energy loss. It also possesses good ductility, making it easy to work with in various applications such as wiring, where flexibility is important. Its resistance to corrosion further enhances its durability and longevity in electrical systems.

Aluminum, while having a lower conductivity compared to copper, is favored for its light weight and lower cost. It is often used in overhead power lines and some electrical applications where weight is a critical factor, such as in aircraft and some building systems. The use of aluminum also allows for larger conductors at a reduced weight, which can be advantageous in certain installation scenarios.

In contrast, materials like gold and silver, while excellent conductors, are typically used in specialized applications due to their high cost and limited availability. Steel and iron are generally used for structural applications rather than as primary conductors because they do not offer the same level of conductivity as aluminum and copper. Lastly, plastic and rubber are insulating materials, not conductors, and are used to protect and encase electrical conduct